ppt课件-lateral earth pressure- w k u（侧向土压力- w k u）.pptVIP

* Lateral Earth Pressure We can calculate σv’ Now, calculate σh’ which is the horizontal stress σh‘/ σv‘ = K Therefore, σh‘ = Kσv‘ (σV‘ is what?) σv’ σh’ H Lateral Earth Pressure There are 3 states of lateral earth pressure Ko = At Rest Ka = Active Earth Pressure (wall moves away from soil) Kp = Passive Earth Pressure (wall moves into soil) Passive is more like a resistance σv σh z H At Rest Earth Pressure At rest earth pressure occur when there is no wall rotation such as in a braced wall (basement wall for example) Ko can be calculated as follows: Ko = 1 – sin φ for coarse grained soils Ko = .44 + .42 [PI / 100] for NC soils Ko (oc) = Ko (NC) (OCR)1/2 for OC soils σv σh z H Active Earth Pressure Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil (a typical free standing retaining wall) Active Earth Pressure Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil (a typical free standing retaining wall) Active Earth Pressure Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil (a typical free standing retaining wall) Active Earth Pressure Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil (a typical free standing retaining wall) Ka can be calculated as follows: Ka = tan2 (45 – φ/2) thus: σa‘ = Ka σv’ – 2 c (Ka)1/2 45 + φ/2 Failure wedge H Soil sliding down pushing the wall Passive Earth Pressure Passive earth pressure occurs when the wall is pushed into the soil (typically a seismic load pushing the wall into the soil or a foundation pushing into the soil) Kp can be calculated as follows: Kp = tan2 (45 + φ/2) thus: σp‘ = Kp σv’ + 2 c (Kp)1/2 45 - φ/2 Failure wedge H Soil being pushed up the slope Active Stress Distribution (c = 0) γ c = 0 Φ dry soil H σa‘ = Ka σv’ – 2 c (Ka)1/2 σa‘ = Ka σv’ 0 σa‘ is the stress distribution Pa is the force on the wall (per foot of wall) How is Pa found? Pa = ? ? - What is this value Passive Stress Distribution (c = 0)