ppt课件-plate tectonicsand continental drift（板tectonicsand大陆漂移）.pptVIP

Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift Plate Tectonics 1. This is the basic idea that Earths crust is divided into a few large, thick ____________ which are large slabs of the lithosphere. (a) Plates are part of the______________ move slowly and change in size. (b) Plates may be: (1) entirely ______________ rock (2) both ____________ and _____________ rock (3) entirely ______________ rock Tectonic Plates World Distribution of Earthquakes Volcanoes Plate boundaries are geologically active with: __________________ __________________ __________________ B. Plate Tectonics combines two preexisting ideas a. ____________________which is the idea that the continents move freely over Earth’s surface, changing their positions relative to one another b. ____________________ which is the hypothesis that sea floor forms a mid-oceanic ridge crests and then moves horizontally away from the ridge towards oceanic trenches. II. Sea Floor Spreading Sea floor forms at the___________ The sea floor moves _________________ from the ridge crest toward an oceanic trench where it ___________. The two sides move in __________ directions B. The Mid-Ocean Ridge 3. a. ________ at the ridge crest results in cracking open of oceanic crust to form a ____________ b. Shallow focus earthquakes c. ______________ Major lines of weakness in Earth’s crust. Cross the mid-ocean ridge at nearly right angles. Extend for 1000s kilometers across the ocean floor. The mid-ocean ridge was once continuous across the fracture zones but is now offset. d. _________________ Mid-ocean ridges are offset along fracture zones Transform motion of rocks on either side is not always in opposite directions. Rocks move in opposite directions only in the section between two segments of ridge crest. This is the only section that experiences earthquakes instead of along the entire section as would normally be expected. 4. Ocean _________ Sea floor moving away from the ridge