ppt课件-public opinion measurement（公众舆论的测量）.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Survey Research Laboratory * Survey Nonresponse Survey Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago March 16, 2010 Outline Unit nonresponse (UN) Definition Causes Impact on data Strategies for minimizing Correcting for UN Reporting issues UN Item nonresponse (IN) Definition Causes Impact on data Strategies for minimizing Correcting for IN Reporting issues IN I. Unit nonresponse A. Definition: “Nonresponse occurs when a sampled unit does not respond to the request to be surveyed…” (Groves et al., 2002) increasing concern, especially in telephone surveys B. Causes of unit nonresponse noncontact noncooperation Failure to contact Non-contact patterns vary by survey mode across different subgroups Restricted-access buildings communities Telephone numbers connected to answering machines, caller ID. . . Percent of Eligible Sample Households by Calls to First Contact, for Five Surveys (Groves, 2001) Failure to gain cooperation (refusals) Survey requests commonly misclassifed Repeated callbacks distinguish surveys Evidence that survey requests are misclassified Refusals made quickly (30 seconds) Many refusers reconsider later Persons apparently focus on a small number of factors when making the decision. Factors typically considered by respondents Burden Saliency (topic importance) Incentive Authority of sponsor Implications Many different reasons for refusals No single introduction may be suitable for all Interviewers must tailor introductions information from initial refusal or contact attempt C. Impact of UN on data UN will results in nonresponse bias to the extent that respondents nonrespondents differ on variables of interest types of nonresponse bias representativeness data quality distribution of responses strategies for estimating nonresponse bias number of calls or refusal conversions data data from studies with different response rates using census data to compare respondents nonrespondents Nonresponse bias as funct