ppt课件-terrestrial coordinate system chart projectionsand numbering（地面坐标系统图表projectionsand编号）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-terrestrial coordinate system chart projectionsand numbering（地面坐标系统图表projectionsand编号）.ppt

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LESSON 02:Terrestrial Coordinate System/ Chart Projections and Numbering Learning Objectives: Comprehend the terrestrial coordinate system Comprehend the location of positions on the earth using latitude and longitude Comprehend the basic properties of the most commonly used chart projections Terrestrial Coordinate System The earth is an oblate spheroid, but for navigational purposes it is considered a perfect sphere with a circumference of 21,600 NM. On a perfect sphere at rest, all points on the surface are similar; reference points must be designated in order to make any type of measurements. Terrestrial Coordinate System When rotation is introduced, the spin axis introduces two reference points, the north and south poles. The spin axis of the earth, together with its poles, constitutes the basic reference points on which the terrestrial coordinate system is based. Terrestrial Coordinate System Great Circle: the intersection of a plane passing through two points on the surface of the earth and the center of the earth. Some key points: A great circle is the largest circle that can be drawn on the face of the earth. A great circle represents the shortest distance between two points on the surface of the earth. Terrestrial Coordinate System Equator Meridian Terrestrial Coordinate System Small Circle- any circle not passing through the center of the earth. Terrestrial Coordinate System Meridians of longitude are great circles Parallels of latitude are small circles (with the exception of the equator) Latitude and Longitude The equator divides the earth into the northern and southern hemispheres and is the reference for parallels of latitude. The prime meridian passes through the original position of the Royal Greenwich Observatory. It serves as the reference for meridians of longitude. Latitude and Longitude Meridians are divided in half: upper branch lower branch Prime Meridian upper branch is known as the Greenwich meridian lower branch is the 180th meridian Lo