ppt课件-world net data warehouse albert greenbergalbert@research.att（世界网络数据仓库艾伯特greenbergalbert@research.att）.pptVIP

Overlay/Underlay Interaction Jennifer Rexford Outline Motivation Problems with the underlying routing system Source routing, overlay networks, and hybrids Overlay networks Pros: flexibility, limited overhead, value-added Cons: data-path overhead, probes, feedback Negative interactions With other overlays: the price of anarchy With the underlay: influence on traffic engineering With itself: bi-stability and trunk reservation Future directions What’s Wrong With Internet Routing? Restrictive path-selection model Destination-based packet forwarding Single best BGP path per prefix BGP routing constrained by policies Ignoring congestion and delay Ignoring application requirements Unappealing protocol dynamics Persistent oscillation (due to policy conflicts) Slow convergence (due to path exploration) Lost reachability (due to route-flap damping) Putting More Power in End Hosts Source routing (e.g., Nimrod) End host selects the end-to-end path Routers simply forward packets on the path Requires the routers to agree to participate Overlay networks (e.g., RON) Conventional computers act as logical routers Real routers deliver packets to intermediate hosts No need for cooperation from the real routers Hybrid schemes Source routing at the AS level Source routing in the overlay network Overlay Network Advantage: Flexible Routing Paths that violate BGP routing policy E.g., A to C goes through ATT and Sprint … and C to B goes through UUNET BGP would not allow ATT-Sprint-UUNET path Quick adaptation to network problems Fast detection of congestion and outages … by probing as aggressively as necessary Selecting paths based on different metrics E.g., overlay selects paths based on latency … whereas the underlay might try to balance load Advantage: Fewer Worries About Scalability Small number of nodes Just enough nodes to have diverse paths A few friends who want better service Virtual Private Network of several corporate sites Balancing the trade-offs High probe frequency for maximu