ppt课件-1-2 the natureof physics physicsisanexperimentalscience（1 - 2物理性质physicsisanexperimentalscience）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-1-2 the natureof physics physicsisanexperimentalscience（1 - 2物理性质physicsisanexperimentalscience）.ppt

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13-2 The Causes of Oscillation It’s simplest to define our coordinate system so that the origin O is at the equilibrium position, where the spring is neither stretched nor compressed. Then x is the x-component of the displacement of the body from equilibrium and is also the change in length of the spring. The x-component of acceleration a is given by a = F/m. Whenever the body is displaced from its equilibrium position, the spring force tends to restore it to the equilibrium position. We call a force with this character a restoring force. Oscillation can occur only when there is a restoring force tending to return the system to equilibrium. The amplitude of the motion, denoted by A, is the maximum magnitude of displacement from equilibrium; that is, the maximum value of x. it is always positive. The period, T, is the time for one cycle. It is always positive. The frequency, f, is the number of cycles in a unit of time. It is always positive. The angular frequency, ω, is 2πtimes the frequency: ω=2πf. 13-3 Simple Harmonic Motion The very simplest kind of oscillation occurs when the restoring force F is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium x. The x-component of force the spring exerts on the body is the negative of this, so the x-component of force F on the body is (restoring force exerted by an ideal spring) 13-3 This equation gives the correct magnitude and sign of the force, whether x is positive, negative, or zero. When the restoring force is directly proportional to the displace-ment from equilibrium, as given by 13-3, the oscillation is called simple harmonic motions abbreviated SHM. The acceleration (simple harmonic motion) 13- 4 The minus sign means the acceleration and displacement always have opposite signs. A body that undergoes simple harmonic motion is called a harmonic oscillator. Equation of Simple Harmonic Motion x ? A A ? t+? o x t t = 0 ? x = A cos(? t + ? ) · 参考圆 (circle of refere