08应化一班精选资料.doc

Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks Oscar J. Sa′nchez a,b, Carlos A. Cardona a,* a Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Colombia at Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64–60 Of. F-505, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia b Department of Engineering, University of Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26–10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia Received 12 July 2006; received in revised form 4 November 2007; accepted 6 November 2007 Available online 26 December 2007 Abstract：Present work deals with the biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different raw materials. The different technologies for producing fuel ethanol from sucrose-containing feedstocks (mainly sugar cane), starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass are described along with the major research trends for improving them. The complexity of the biomass processing is recognized through the analysis of the different stages involved in the conversion of lignocellulosic complex into fermentable sugars. The features of fermentation processes for the three groups of studied feedstocks are discussed. Comparative indexes for the three major types of feedstocks for fuel ethanol production are presented. Finally, some concluding considerations on current research and future tendencies in the production of fuel ethanol regarding the pretreatment and biological conversion of the feedstocks are presented_2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Bioethanol; Sugars; Starch; Lignocellulosic biomass; Ethanolic fermentation 利用生物技术生产燃料的趋向Abstract） 当前的工作是用生物技术学（biotechnological）从不同天然物质中生产燃料酒精。从包含蔗糖的原料(主要甘蔗)，生物生物处理的复杂是被认可的是Elsevier 2007出版的 ：; 糖; 淀粉;生物; 乙醇发酵简介 世界面临着这种情况，随着时代进一步发展，主要依靠消耗它不可更新的能源。同时，能量消耗的速率也在加快。美国是消耗油第一的国家，但是中国加速的经济发展在石油市场也有很大的压力。在石油市场全球的景象也比较黑暗。在中东地区持久的危机和股票变化的加速，和其他原因已经引起石油价格升到了每桶100美元。如果石油价格保持在那个那么高的价格世界的经济就会停滞不前。除此之外，石油燃料的急剧利用已经导致了气体污染，这也引起了全球气候的变化。对这些有疑问的问题的解决方法已经开始被试行，像依靠如何发展和执行技术以可供选择的能源作为依据。通过使用可更新能源，人类能发现一些方法以一种更环保的方式去解决能源需要。 一种可更新的方法是以生化方式的太阳能。全球潜在的生物能以能量玉米和Lignocellul