nit 5 增词专题.pptVIP

地震“12秒”自救逃生绝招 地震心理学上有一个“12秒自救机会”，即地震发生后，若能镇定自若地在12秒内迅速躲避到安全处，就能给自己提供最后一次自救机会。否则，凶多吉少。 日本曾有统计，发生地震时被落下物砸死的人，超过被压死的人。可见，人在遭遇突发事件时，若能保持良好的心理状态，及时采取自救行为或逃离现场，常能获救，或避免死亡，临场该如何去做呢? “12秒自救机会”后面没有上义词，它到底是“理论”、“原则”、“概念”、“说法”还是“经验准则”呢 ? 查阅了相关的资料，选择了rule of thumb “良好的心理状态” 可以翻得简单一些，keep a good state of mind，不用psychology or psyche “12 Seconds to Save Yourself” during an Earthquake The rule of thumb called “12 seconds to save yourself” in earthquake psychology says that, if you retain your presence of mind to find a shelter within the first 12 seconds, you will seize the last chance to save yourself. If not, the odds are against you. Statistics from Japan indicate that during an earthquake more people die from the strike of falling objects than from the crush of collapsed buildings. It is thus evident that in case of an emergency, if you can keep a good state of mind and take immediate safe-saving actions to flee, you will get a better opportunity to be saved or survive. However, the heart of matter lies in the measures taken then and there on the spot. Unit 5 【译论专题】 Amplification What is “amplification”? Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. Take “wash” for example Mary washes before meals. Mary washes before going to bed. Mary washes after getting up. Mary washes for a living. Mary washes in a restaurant. 英汉两种语言由于词法结构、语法结构和修辞手段的差异，在翻译过程中，往往出现词的添加和减少的现象。初学译事者，一般都过于拘泥，既不敢变换词性和句型，更不敢增词减字。译者也许还以为保持原文和译文的词量相等就是“忠实于”原文。然而那译文却意义含混，毫无生气。增词的目的，或是为了补足语气，或是为了连接上下文，有时则是为了避免译文意义含混。这当然不是无中生有的随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。试看下面一例： The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure. 随着压力增加，氢分子越来越近。 译文中添加了“增加”二字，这样才符合原文的逻辑意义。如不增词而译成“随着压 力，氢分子越来越接近”，其意思就不明确。这里，with pressure 就内含“压力增加”的意思。所以，在译文中添加“增加”二字是忠实于原文的。 由此可见，翻译时增词是出于意义上、语法上、修辞上或逻辑上的需要，也是翻译中必不可少的技巧之一。 语义增补、语法增补和修辞增补 一 增译名词，使译文清晰明了 1) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃点东西，喝点酒，因为他疲劳不堪了。 英语中有些动词作不及物动词时，宾语实际上是隐