parameterizationoftheearth-universityofconnecticut.docVIP

Forward Modeling: Synthetic Body Wave Seismograms Vernon F. Cormier University of Connecticut, USA Revised November 23, 2006 Submitted to: Treatise on Geophysics, Vol 3, A. Dziewonski, and B. Romanowicz, eds., Elsevier Contact information: Physics Department University of Connecticut 2152 Hillside Road Storrs, CT 06269-2045 USA E-mail: vernon.cormier@ OUTLINE 3.04.1 INTRODUCTION 3.04.2 PLANE WAVE MODELING 3.04.2.1 Elastic Velocities and Polarizations 3.04.2.2 Superposition of Plane Waves 3.04.3 STRUCTURAL EFFECTS 3.04.3.1 Common Structural Effects on Waveforms 3.04.3.2 Deep Earth Structural Problems 3.04.4 MODELING ALGORITHMS AND CODES 3.04.4.1 Reflectivity 3.04.4.2 Generalized Ray 3.04.4.3 WKBJ-Maslov 3.04.4.4 Full-Wave Theory and Integration in Complex p Plane 3.04.4.5 Dynamic Ray Tracing and Gaussian Beams 3.04.4.6 Modal Methods 3.04.4.7 Numerical Methods 3.04.5 PARAMETERIZATION OF THE EARTH MODEL 3.04.5.1 Homogeneous Layers Separated by Curved or Tilted Boundaries 3.04.5.2 Vertically Inhomogeneous Layers 3.04.5.3 General Three-dimensional Models 3.04.6 INSTRUMENT AND SOURCE 3.04.6.1 Instrument Responses and Deconvolution 3.04.6.2 Far-field Source Time Function 3.04.7 EXTENSIONS 3.04.7.1 Adapting 1-D codes to 2-D and 3-D 3.04.7.2 Hybrid Methods 3.04.7.3 Frequency Dependent Ray Theory 3.04.7.4 Attenuation 3.04.7.5 Anisotropy 3.04.7.6 Scattering 3.04.8 CONCLUSIONS Keywords: synthetic seismograms, body waves, wave propagation, seismograms, deep earth structure, upper mantle, Earth’s core, Earth’s upper mantle, seismic attenuation, Earth models, elasticity, seismic scattering, earthquake sources, elastic anisotropy Cross-references: Normal modes and surface waves: theory, Body wave: ray methods and finite frequency effects, Forward modeling - synthetic seismograms: 3D numerical models, Wave propagation in anisotropic media, Inverse methods and seismic tomography, Scattering in the eart