physics unit5 the physicsofthe geosphere（物理unit5 physicsofthe岩石圈）.docVIP

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physics unit5 the physicsofthe geosphere（物理unit5 physicsofthe岩石圈）.doc

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Unit Summary How much force and energy is needed to move a continent? In this unit of study, students construct explanations for the scales of time over which Earth processes operate. An important aspect of Earth and space sciences involves making inferences about events in Earth’s history based on a data record that is increasingly incomplete the farther one goes back in time. A mathematical analysis of radiometric dating is used to comprehend how absolute ages are obtained for the geologic record. Students develop models and explanations for the ways that feedback among different Earth systems controls the appearance of the Earth’s surface. Central to this is the tension between internal systems, which are largely responsible for creating land at Earth’s surface (e.g., volcanism and mountain building), and the sun-driven surface systems that tear down land through weathering and erosion. Students demonstrate proficiency in developing and using models, constructing explanations, and engaging in argument from evidence. The crosscutting concepts of stability and change, energy and matter, and patterns are called out as organizing elements of this unit. Student Learning Objectives Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on how the appearance of land features (such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus) and sea-floor features (such as trenches, ridges, and seamounts) are a result of both constructive forces (such as volcanism, tectonic uplift, and orogeny) and destructive mechanisms (such as weathering, mass wasting, and coastal erosion).] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include memorization of the details of the formation of specific geographic features of Earth’s surface.] (HS-ESS2-1) Develop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convectio