专业英语课文.docxVIP

11单元Unit 11 Typical Measurement Technology 1 Altitude Measurement 1高度测量Accurate monitoring of aircraft cruising height is required in order to reduce vertical separation to minimum standard. Interest here focuses on the measurement of the distance between aircraft level and the sea surface level. This distance can be estimated onboard via barometric altimeters or it can be measured—either onboard or in ground stations—via electronic radio wave systems. The indication of the first equipment is referred to as pressure altitude, or simply altitude, whereas that of the second category is referred to as geometric height or simply height. 飞机巡航高度精确的控制要求以减少垂直分离到最低的标准。重点感兴趣的测量飞机之间的距离水平和海平面水平。这个距离估计通过机载altimeters气压或者它能在地面stations-via measured-either或机载电子无线电波系统。第一个设备或信封上注明所称为压力的高度,或简单地高度,而第二类的称为几何高度或简单的高度。 The altitude information at air traffic control (ATC) centers is based on pressure altitude measurement that the aircraft transponder system sends after it receives an appropriate interrogation——known as mode C interrogation——transmitted by a secondary surveillance radar. Actually, the altitude information is an atmospheric pressure measurement transformed to altitude indication through a formula expressing the pressure/altitude relationship. When a flight level is cleared for an aircraft, it actually means that the pilot must keep flying on an isobaric surface. However, the altimetry system may present systematic errors (biases) that are different for each airplane, and that significantly affect safety. Thus, the altimetry system performance as well as the aircraft height keeping performance must be monitored by an independent radar or satellite system. 信息的高度,在空中交通管制中心(ATC)根据压高度测量,飞机的应答机系统发给后都把它珍藏一个适当的审讯——被称为模式C讯问——通过二级监视雷达。实际上,高度的大气压力测量信息转化为高度通过公式显示表达压力/高度的关系。当一个飞行高度是允许飞机时,实际上就意味着飞行员必须不停地飞在一个isobaric表面。然而,altimetry系统系统误差可能出现偏差)(飞机的不同而有所区别,明显影响安全。因此,altimetry系统性能以及飞机高度保持性能均须由独立的雷达或卫星电视系统2.Thickness Measurement 2。厚度测量One can measure thickness on many scales .The galaxy is s