资料的评读(I)治疗.ppt

Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Number Needed to HarmNNH NNH= 1/ARI (absolute risk increase) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Cost and Effect - NNT and NNH from Statin Stroke Prevention Trial For rhabdomyolysis Control event rate (CER): 0.03% Experimental event rate (EER): 0.05% Absolute risk increase (ARI) = |0.03%-0.05%| = 0.02% Number Needed to Harm (NNH) = 1/ARI = 1/0.02%=5000 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. NNT vs Follow-Up Time 不同的試驗，追蹤時間不同，如何比較 假設相對風險下降固定 Relative Risk Reduction = |CER-EER| /CER NNT = 1/ARR = 1/ |CER-EER| 如果追蹤時間變為為原本的 t 倍 CERt = CER * t ; EERt = EER * t NNTt = 1/ARRt = 1/|CERt-EERt| = 1/(|CER-EER|*t) = NNT/t t = hypothetic time / observed time NNThypothetical = NNTobserved x (observed time/hypothetic time) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. However precise is the estimate of the treatment effect?治療效果的預估: 信賴區間 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 信賴區間 95% Confidence interval 實際值有95% 的機會是在這個信賴區間內的 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Applicability  usefulness in our clinical practice 研究的結果是否可以套用在我的病人身上 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 適用性 Is our patient so different from those in the study that its results cannot apply 病患是否與研究受試者明顯不同 Is the treatment feasible in our setting 治療是否可行，健保 What are our patient’s potential benefits and harms from th