儒家德治思想及其现实创新.doc

摘 要 中国拥有五千年灿烂的物质文明和精神文明，儒家学说作为中国传统文化的主流对当世乃至后世都产生了深远的影响。其中以德治为主的儒家思想是中国古代治国思想的核心，它经历了漫长的时代历程得以形成，并不断的在历史的洗礼和考验中逐步向前发展完善。儒家德治思想所彰显的人性的光辉，“民本观念”，“仁政思想”，“以德选贤”，“德刑并用”的治国方略都对我们今世建设社会主义和谐社会具有广泛的借鉴意义。然而，我们必须清楚的认识到儒家的德治思想毕竟是根植于当时所处的时代背景下，有其不可跨越的历史局限性和内在缺失性，所以我们必须要辩证的去看待它，创造性的对其汲取、转化和继承，使其更好地为社会和人民服务。 关键词：儒家德治思想；基本内涵；历史局限性；启示 Abstract China has five thousand years brilliant material civilization and spiritual civilization, Confucianism as the mainstream of Chinese traditional culture had a profound influence on present and future generations. By virtue of Confucianism is the core of the rule of thought in ancient China, it has experienced long time course of formation, and constantly move forward step in the history of baptism and test to improve. Confucian thought of rule of virtue brings humanity, people-oriented concept, hand as benevolent governance thought , according to the moral select of talents, punishment and statecraft is to present construction of our socialist harmonious society has extensive significance. However, we must be clear that the Confucian thought of rule by virtue is, after all, planting in under the background of that time, has its historical limitations and not across the inner deficiency, so we must be dialectical to look at it, and creative learning , and transformation and inheritances, to its make is better serve a the society and people. Key words: the Confucian thought of rule of virtue; Basic connotation; Historical of limitations; revelation. 前 言 中国传统文化源远流传，其中以儒家文化最为突出，而作为儒家文化最主要的组成部分的德治思想，一直以来都是人们发展研究的点。从夏商西周到孔孟时期，从荀子、董仲舒再到唐宋明清，先哲们都对儒家德治思想的形成与发展做出过重要贡献。虽然，五四时期儒家文化受到了前所未有的打击和批判，但不可否认的是它的文化内涵和积淀不仅对当时的政治、经济、社会、文化、生活乃至个人的修为产生了深远的影响和指导意义，而且对几千年后的今世仍拥有巨大的借鉴意义。 儒家德治思想以“仁政”为核心，以“道德教化”为主要手段，在实践的过程中，重视民生，倡导修身养性，强调选贤与能，提出宽猛相济，德刑兼施的治国方略。本文从儒家德治思想的产生与发展，基本内涵入手，切实分析，充分阐释其内在合理性与历史局限性，从而更进一步揭示其对建设社会主义和谐社会的启示。 一、儒家德治思想的产生与发展 儒家德治思想上至夏商西周三代，下贯明清两朝，初见于孔子，充实与孟子，荀子，完善于董仲舒，经过封建王朝的众多贤哲们的发