生物技术在农药上的应用解决方案.ppt

在生物农药上的应用 Stanford medical professor Stanley Cohen and biochemist Herbert Boyer from the University of California, San Francisco, were in Honolulu to attend a meeting on plasmids, the ringlets of DNA contained in bacteria. 化学农药专家：应包括微生物活体、昆虫天敌、部分植物源农药；不包括农用抗生素、植物生长调节剂、转基因农药。 国外：农用抗生素列为化学农药的范畴。 新型生物农药品种 寡糖 丙烷脒 激活蛋白 多粘类芽孢杆菌 地衣类芽孢杆菌 海洋地衣芽孢杆菌 嗜线虫致病杆菌 1 An overview of DNA cloning Some conception need to know Some useful technology important to gene manipulation Enzymes for DNA cloning Vectors Conception DNA cloning is to place a relatively short fragment of a genome, which might contain the gene or other sequence of interest, in an autonomously replicating piece of DNA, known as a vector, forming recombinant DNA, which can be replicated independently of the original genome, and normally in other host species altogether. Propagation of the host organism containing the recombinant DNA forms a set of genetically identical organism, or a clone. This process is called DNA cloning. Host organism/cell: where the plasmids get multiplied and propagated faithfully, which is crucial for DNA cloning. Hosts for DNA cloning vector Prokaryotic host : E. coli ( most cases) Eukaryotic host : Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), large fragments of human genome General features of a Vector autonomously replicating DNA independent of host’s genome. Easily to be isolated from the host cell Most are circular, some are linear Contains at least one selective marker, which allows host cells containing the vector to be selected amongst those which do not. Contains a multiple cloning site (MCS) Types of vectors Cloning vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and manipulated at DNA level. E. coli cloning vector: plasmids, bacteriophages (λ and M13), plasmid-bacteriophage l hybrids (cosmids). Yeast cloning vector: yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) Expression vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted and expr