IntroductionandReview优秀讲义.ppt

* * * * Copyright ? 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. * * Copyright ? 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure: 01_07-020T1-3.jpg Title: Condensed Formulas for Double and Triple Bonded Compounds Caption: Condensed Structural Formulas for Double and Triple Bonds Notes: In condensed formulas double and triple bonds are drawn as they would be in a Lewis structure showing two dashes for a double bond and three dashes for a triple bond. * * Figure: 01_07-033T1-4.jpg Title: Line-angle Drawings Caption: Examples of Line-angle Drawings Notes: Line-angle formula (a.k.a. skeletal structure or stick figure) is a shorthand way of drawing organic compounds. Bonds between carbons are represented by lines. Carbons are present where the lines begin and end, and where the lines meet. Nitrogen, oxygen, and halogen atoms are shown but hydrogens are not drawn unless they are bonded to a drawn atom. Size As size increases, the H is more loosely held and the bond is easier to break. A larger size also stabilizes the anion. Resonance Delocalization of the negative charge on the conjugate base will stabilize the anion, so the substance is a stronger acid. More resonance structures usually mean greater stabilization. Lewis Acids and Bases Acids accept electron pairs = electrophile Bases donate electron pairs = nucleophile Lewis, G. N. 电子论的局限性 1）标准不同，强度不同； 2）范围过于广泛，不便于区分酸和碱中存在的各种差别 Homework:p30 1-27,1-30,1-35 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles Nucleophile: Donates electrons to a nucleus with an empty orbital. Electrophile: Accepts a pair of electrons. When forming a bond, the nucleophile attacks the electrophile, so the arrow goes from negative to positive. When breaking a bond, the more electronegative atom receives the electrons. Relationships of Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules Next????? Chapter 2 The End Of Chap 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chemical Form