Principles of reliable data transfer培训教程文件.pptVIP

Chapter 3 outline 3.1 Transport-layer services 3.2 Multiplexing and demultiplexing 3.3 Connectionless transport: UDP 3.4 Principles of reliable data transfer 3.5 Connection-oriented transport: TCP segment structure reliable data transfer flow control connection management 3.6 Principles of congestion control 3.7 TCP congestion control 3.4 Principles of reliable data transfer 3.4.1 Principles of Reliable data transfer important in app., transport, link layers top-10 list of important networking topics! characteristics of unreliable channel will determine complexity of reliable data transfer protocol (rdt) Reliable data transfer: getting started Reliable data transfer: getting started We’ll: incrementally develop sender, receiver sides of reliable data transfer protocol (rdt) consider only unidirectional data transfer but control info will flow on both directions! use finite state machines (FSM) to specify sender, receiver 3.4.2 Rdt1.0: reliable transfer over  a reliable channel underlying channel perfectly reliable no bit errors no loss of packets separate FSMs for sender, receiver: sender sends data into underlying channel receiver read data from underlying channel 3.4.3 Rdt2.0: channel with bit errors underlying channel may flip bits in packet checksum to detect bit errors the question: how to recover from errors: acknowledgements (ACKs): receiver explicitly tells sender that pkt received OK negative acknowledgements (NAKs): receiver explicitly tells sender that pkt had errors sender retransmits pkt on receipt of NAK new mechanisms in rdt2.0 (beyond rdt1.0): error detection receiver feedback: control msgs (ACK,NAK) rcvr-sender Rdt2.0: FSM specification Rdt2.0: operation with no errors Rdt2.0: error scenario Rdt2.0 has a fatal flaw! What happens if ACK/NAK corrupted? sender doesn’t know what happened at receiver! can’t just retransmit: possible duplicate Handling duplicates: sender adds sequence number to each pkt sender retransmits current pkt if ACK/N