消化系统药物.pptVIP

Type of laxatives Bulk-forming laxatives e.g Fybogel, fibrosine Emollient laxatives e.g Docusate sodium Lubricant laxatives e.g Mineral oil Saline laxatives e.g Fleet enema Hyper-osmotic laxatives e.g. Lactulose, Glycerin Stimulant laxatives e.g Senna, Bisacodyl Bulk-forming laxatives 纤维 Considered safest among all laxatives Safe for long term use Works in 1 – 3 days Sufficient fluid consumption is required (usually a glass)喝足够水 Side effects : bloatedness, abdominal discomfort Lubricant laxatives 油性Mineral oil coats and softens stool Recommended for patients who need to avoid straining (hemorrhoid surgery, childbirth). Normally short term use短暂用 Can cause pneumonia if it leaks into the lungs Not recommended for the elderly, stroke victims, and those with swallowing difficulties They are prone to aspirate, especially while lying down or at bedtime Hyper-osmotic laxatives Lactulose type is a special sugar-like laxative Induce bowel movements by drawing water into the bowel from surrounding body tissues This provides a soft stool mass and increased bowel action Often used for long-term 乳果糖 lactulose 乳果糖还具有双糖的渗透活性，可使水、电解质保留在肠腔而产生高渗效果，故又是一种渗透性泻药，因为无肠道刺激性，亦可用于治疗慢性功能性便秘。 糖尿病患者慎用，对半乳糖不能耐受者不宜服用？？？ Stimulant laxatives Induce bowel movements by increasing the contraction of muscles in the intestines肠蠕动 Normally for short term use短暂用 Usually takes 8 to 20 hours to work Side effects include cramps, excess fluid loss Prone to ‘abuse’滥用 番泻叶senokot，比沙可啶bisacodyl Prokinetic agent Domperidone多潘立酮（又名吗丁啉） (dopamine antagonist) Promotes or increases co-ordination of contractions of the gastrointestinal tract推动肠胃蠕动 for fullness, nausea, bloatedness, belching, heartburn（胀气，恶心） Taken half hr before food 问题 如果你的病人有胃溃疡或胃炎，你会避免给它哪一类的中药、方剂？ 你如何用中药治疗幽门螺旋菌所引起的胃炎、胃溃疡？ Creon得每通和Enzyplex的功能与用途。 乳酸杆菌干燥物还有什么其他功能、用途？ Metoclopramide，domperidone还有什么功能、用途？ Loperamide，diphenoxylate与哪一类中药相似？ * * * 腹泻患者常发生水和电解质丧失，应适当补充水和电解质。 * * * * * 消化系统药物 Digestive System Agents Common gastrointestinal