消防知识介绍(中英对照).pptVIP

An Introduction to Firefighting消防知识介绍 Fire Chemistry 火灾的化学成分 Classes of fire 火灾的等级 Fire Spread 火灾的蔓延 Fire Extinguishment 火灾的扑灭 Firefighting Equipment 消防设备 Personal Protective Equipment 个人防护设施 Safety considerations 安全注意事项 Fire Chemistry火灾的化学成分 In order for a fire to occur there must be 3 elements 火灾的发生必须具备三个元素 Fuel – something that will burn 燃料-某种可燃烧的物质 Heat – a source of ignition 热源-一种点火源 Oxygen – atmospheric air 氧气-存在于大气中 These three elements form the fire triangle 这三个元素组成了火三角 Classes of Fire火灾的等级 Class A fires – Combustible solids, eg paper, wood, fabric, plastics etc A类火灾-易燃固体如纸张、木材、纺织品、塑料制品等 Class B fires – Flammable liquids, eg diesel, petrol, oil etc B类火灾-可燃液体如柴油、汽油、油类等 Class C fires – Flammable gases, eg natural gas C类火灾-可燃气体如天然气 Class D fires – Combustible metals, eg magnesium D类火灾-易燃金属如镁 (E) – Electrical hazards (E)类火灾-电气火灾 Fire Spread火灾的蔓延 The spread of fire occurs in 4 ways 火灾的蔓延途径有四种 Direct flame contact 直接的火焰接触 Conduction – the spread of heat through and along metals 传导-通过并伴随金属传播热量 Convection – in a fire hot gases and small burning particles rise upwards 对流-在火灾中热气体和燃烧颗粒是往上升的 Radiation – radiated heat from a fire heats nearby objects 辐射-来自于物体周围火灾热量产生的辐射 Fire Extinguishment火灾的扑灭 A fire will be extinguished by removing one or more sides of the fire triangle 可以通过消除火三角中的一个或几个方面元素来扑灭一场火灾 Cooling – removes the heat 冷却-去除热量 Starvation – removes the fuel 切断给养—去除燃料 Smoothering – removes the oxygen 窒息—去除氧气 Breaking the flame chain reaction – Dry chemical extinguishers accomplish this 破坏火焰的连锁反应-干式化学灭火器能够达到这一目的 Firefighting Equipment消防设备 Portable fire extinguishers – two types onsite are 便携式灭火器-现场有两种 Dry chemical (powder) – can be used on Class A,B,(E) fires 干粉灭火器-可用于扑灭A类B类和E类火灾 Carbon dioxide (CO2) – can be used on Class A,B,(E) fires 二氧化碳灭火器-可用于扑灭A类B类和E类火灾 Use the “PTASS” principle when operating an extinguisher 使用灭火器时要遵守“PTASS” 原则 Portable Ext