跨文化交际实训Chapter 4 Cultural Values.pptVIP

I. Definitions of Value 价值的定义 As is pointed out by Hofstede,values are feelings with arrows to them: each has a plus and a minus pole. Value deals with such things as the following: evil versus good, dirty versus clean, ugly versus beautiful, paradoxical versus logical, irrational versus rational, and moral versus immoral (2001). I. Definitions of Value 价值的定义 Significance of learning values Values are a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts. Values are useful in explaining and understanding cultural similarities and differences in behaviors; thus, understanding values and their cultural basis is helpful in intercultural communication. Understanding each culture’s values and adapting to each culture’s value systems is the key to successful communication across cultures. II. Kluckhohn’s Value Orientations克拉克洪的价值取向 Their value orientations are based on the assumptions including human nature, the relation between nature and man, human relation, time, and space. These five aspects work as measurement to group cultures into different categories: What is the nature of human nature? (the human nature orientation) What is the relationship between humanity and its natural environment? (the man-nature orientation) On what aspect of time should we primarily focus? (the time orientation) What is the prime motivation for behavior? (the activity orientation) How should individuals relate with the others? (the relational orientation) III. Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Values 霍夫斯塔德文化价值维度 Table 4.2 Contrasts between Individualism and Collectivism (Source: Linell Davis, Doing Culture: Cross-Cultural Communication in Action, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1999, pp232-233) (continued) III. Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Values 霍夫斯塔德文化价值维度 Table 4.2 Contrasts between Individualism and Collectivism Glossary scheme n. 体系，方案 simplistic