基于无线传感器网络新型火灾探测节点的研究.docx

基于无线传感器网络的新型火灾探测节点研究摘 要无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network，WSN)是由部署在监测区域内大量的廉价微型传感器节点组成，通过无线通信方式形成的自组织网络系统，其目的是协作地感知、采集和处理网络覆盖区域里被监测对象的信息，并将其发送给观察者。近年来，随着嵌入式技术、半导体技术、传感器技术以及无线通信技术的飞速发展，无线传感器网络成为一个在国际上备受关注的前沿热点的研究领域。它在环境监测、军事、医疗健康、商业等诸多领域有着广泛的应用前景。Zigbee技术是一种新兴的短距离无线通信协议，因其低复杂度、低成本、低功耗等优点而更加适用于无线传感器网络。论文简介了火灾探测技术的发展过程，论述了无线传感器网络的体系结构，接着归纳了无线传感器网络的特点、关键技术及其主要应用领域，详细介绍了无线通信协议 Zigbee 的协议架构和特点。然后论证了无线传感器网络应用于火灾探测的可行性，并给出了火灾无线探测节点的解决方案：首先是探测节点的硬件设计，包括烟雾传感器、温度传感器以及 CC2431芯片射频接口电路的设计；其次介绍软件的设计方案和具体实现，并从软件方面考虑了低功耗设计的要求。基于 LabVIEW 平台开发了上位计算机监控软件，采集火灾参数，进行数据分析并输出火灾报警信息。在论文的结尾，利用研制的火灾探测节点组成星型网络，进行了烟雾和温度方面的测试，并对系统的性能进行了相关分析。实验结果表明，本论文设计的无线火灾探测系统能够准确地响应烟雾和温度等火灾特征参数，并对火灾的发生做出及时的判定。关键词：无线传感器网络火灾探测Zigbee节点CC2431Research of fire detecting nodes based onwireless sensor networkABSTRACTWireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of micro andlow-cost sensor nodes in the monitoring area, which implement self-organize networkautomatically through wireless communication and can work in collaboration forcollecting and processing and then transmitting the information of the monitoring area.In recent years, with the rapid development of embedded technology, semiconductortechnology, sensor technology and wireless communication technology, wirelesssensor network has been concerned widely. The research on WSN has become aworldwide focus. Wireless sensor network has a bright future in the application ofenvironment monitoring, military sensing, health care, and commerce. As a newshort-distance wireless communication protocol, Zigbee technology has the featuresof low complexity, low-cost and low power consumption, which make it moresuitable for wireless sensor network.The development of fire detection technology is introduced and the systemstructure of WSN is described firstly. Then, the characteristics, some crucialtechnologies and domain application of WSN are summed up. The structure ofprotocol and characteristics of the wireless communication protocol-Zigbee areintroduced in detail. The