07翻译第三讲.docVIP

第三讲The understanding of syntax and analysis of sentence structure As we know English language possesses certain distinctive characteristics in sentence structures that are different from Chinese. There are long sentences in English, which are connected by connective words while there are short sentences in Chinese. Complex VS simplex (繁复与简短) 1 Can you answer a question that I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？ 2 If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known. (上星期日傍晚，有人看见某君在市教堂拿走雨伞一把。 拿伞者如不想招惹麻烦，还是将雨伞送到布劳德街10号为妙。此君是谁，尽人皆知。) Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合) Hypotaxis（ 形合法）is the dependent or subordinate structure or relation of clauses with connectives. English sentence building is featured by hypotaxis. To clarify the relations between words, phrases or clauses, English more often resort to overt cohesion (显性接应), frequently using various cohesive ties such as relatives and prepositions and some others. 1 Changing of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，参见本书末附录。 2 We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我， 我不犯人。 Parataxis(意合法) is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Chinese more frequently relies on covert coherence （隐性连贯）and context. 1 不进则退。（ He who does not advance falls behind.） 2 他不来，我就不去。（If he does not come here, I will not go there.） Static vs Dynamic (静态与动态) Some experts say that English is static while Chinese is dynamic. That is to say, In English sentences, there are more noun phrases, and preposition phrases while Chinese often employs verbs, adverbs, verbal phrases, repetition,and is therefore more dynamic. 1 The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his