高中英语情态动词和形容比词较级讲义.docxVIP

情态动词情态动词的基本用法表示必须、一定。must表示主观上的必须，而have to 表示职责或义务，强调客观。In crowed places like airport and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.There was no bus, so we had to go to school on foot.表示推测或可能性must表示推测仅用在肯定句中，must用于否定句时，表示禁止；can 或could也可以表示推测, 其中can’t表示“不可能”；对过去的行为动作或状态的推测用must/may/might/can’t/couldn’t+ have doneShe is wearing a long face. She must be angry.That can’t be my dad, he is now abroad.may 或might 用于肯定句，might可能性较小，否定句可译作“可能不”。You might just as well tell the manufacturer that the male customers may not like the design of the furniture.Should/ought to 表示推测时，是指有一定依据的推测、推论或可能性，意为：可能、应该。You should /ought to pass her chemistry final.表示请求或许可may 用于疑问句中表示询问许可，May I …答句是Yes, you may.否定句用No, you mustn’t.还可以用can, could, might等表示许可。May I use your eraser?Yes, you may. /No, you mustn’t.can表示许可时基本同may.You can use my mobile phone on condition that you promise not to lend it to others.shall 用于第三人称可以表示向第二人称询问是否允许第三人称做某事。Secretary: Shall he come in?Manager: Let him in please.表示必要need 作为情态动词用于疑问句或否定句，Need you…?的肯定句答语是：Yes, I must.否定句的答语是：No, I needn’t/don’t have to.对问句Must…?表示有必要做某事的肯定答语是：Yes, you must./you have to.否定句的答语是：No, you needn’t/don’t have to/don’t need to.You needn’t come if you are busy.You must finish the project by Friday.表示能够表示现在的或一般的能力用can 或be able to, can比be able to 更普遍，be able to do 表示经过努力所具有的能力，有较多的时态变化。A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.Are you able to type?如果表示在过去某一待定的时刻经过努力终于做成了某事，用was/were able to do sth.相当于managed to do sth或succeed in doing sth, 如果没有做成则可以用couldn’t 或wasn’t/weren’t able to do.I was able to make her believe me.表示建议或征求意见shall 用于第一、三人称表征求意见或建议。Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning.will 的疑问句表请求邀请Will you lend me your eraser?would 表示愿望、意愿、建议或看法。表示强烈的愿望和意愿“I would do anything for the soldiers.” said the boy.表示请求语气时比will 委婉，并不表示过去意义。wouldn’t 表示请求、邀请，没有否定的意思。Wouldn’t you take a seat? 请坐。would表示意愿，用在一些固定短语中，如：would like/would love to do sth; would rather do