Dynamics of gravitationally interacting systems unibo引力相互作用的系统unibo动力学.it.pptVIP

Dynamics of gravitationally interacting systems Pasquale Londrillo INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico-Bologna (Italy) Email pasquale.londrillo@bo.astro.it Fenomenology Dark-Matter dominated Large Scale structures = collisionless regime The Galaxies = collisionless regime The Globular Clusters = collisionality important The Numerical approach:The Particle method 1- The set of N-representative particles aremoved in time using a simplectic integrator2- the gravitational forces and potential are computed:a)- either directely on particles, using thetwo-body softened Green-functionb)- or by solving the Poisson equation on agrid. Using a density distribution recoveredfrom particle positions by some interpolation (PIC) Other numerical methods to solve thecollisionless Vlasov-Poisson equation * Trying to look at possible intersections with beam-dynamics ==? seemingly none Elliptical Galaxies Violent relaxation (Lynden-Bell (1967) Relaxation to dynamical large-scale equilibria and/or Relaxation to statistical mechanics equilibria The debate on fine-graining and coarse-graining Well posed Mathematical set-up: 1) the Vlasov-Poisson equation for f(x,v,t) is replaced by a lagrangian fluid ot orbits [x(t),v(t)] preserving f f(x,v,t)=f(x(t),v(t)] and moving under the collective forces F(x,t)= 2) The infinite-dimensional set of characteristic orbits is sampled by a finite-N-set of particles moving under an ?(N)- softened gravitational force ?(N) →0 N→infinity 3)Theorems are available to assure convergence (in some norm) of N-body representation to the limit Vlasov-Poisson solution Numerical procedures for N- body codes Methods a) have clear (mathematical) advantages Now even faster than b) = Multipole expansion techniques having O(N) computational complexity Methods to solve f(x,v,t) directely on a six-dimensional eulerian grid Proposed mainly for Plasma-Physics computations (where Electromagnetic fields can be represented on a grid in a natural w