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Endings Are Everything The Cases of Latin Nouns Nouns are the names of persons places or things. Uses of a noun: Subject – tells who is doing the action. It usually is found at the beginning of the sentence.  The farmer loves the girl Uses of a noun: Predicate nominative – renames the subject. It always follows a linking verb (be am is are was were and been). My father is a farmer. Uses of a noun: Direct object – follows an action verb and tells whom or what receives the action. The girl loves (whom?) The girl loves the farmer. The girl loves (what?) The girl loves chocolate. Uses of a noun: Indirect object – follows a verb of giving, telling, and showing. It tells to whom or for whom something was given, told or shown. If there is an indirect object there must be a direct object. The girl gave the farmer a horse. (Indirect obj) (Direct obj) Uses of a noun: Possessive – shows ownership I saw the farmer’s daughter. Uses of a noun: Object of preposition – Follows a preposition. I went with the farmer. (preposition) (object) Uses of a noun: In English the usage of the noun is determined by its position in the sentence. Example: The farmer loves the girl. In this sentence farmer is the subject. The girl loves the farmer. In this sentence farmer is the direct object. The only difference in the sentences is the position of the nouns. In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its ending, not its place in the sentence. There are five cases: Nominative - subject and predicate nominative Genitive – possession Dative - indirect object Accusative - direct object Ablative - the preposition In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.  (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae