Energy Flow through Ecological Systems San Jose 生态系统的能量流圣若泽.pptVIP

Energy Flow through Ecological Systems The other balance of life… Photosynthesis Again, the equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 This equation leaves out important details: 1. Where does the O2 gas come from? 2. How is light energy converted into chemical bond energy? Photosynthesis Why is it so important to life? It is estimated that 99% of the energy used by living cells comes from the sun!!!!! Incorporation of sunlight into chemical bonds occurs through the process of photosynthesis Invented by cyanobacteria about 2 billion years ago Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis All oxygen in atmosphere is believed to originate from photosynthesis Photosynthesis Also…... Photosynthesis begins the carbon cycle by fixing CO2 (carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) The oxygen released as a by-product has a major impact on the biosphere. Todays atmosphere would not have 21% oxygen if not for photosynthesis. Energy Flow Charts Your plot receives 10,000 kcal/m2/day of energy Tell us where it all goes!!! On butcher paper create an Energy Flow Diagram from a simple imaginary food chain, which demonstrates how this energy enters and exits your plot. What scientific laws apply to energy? First and Second Laws of thermodynamics First law: energy is neither created or destroyed!!! General accounting… Second law: every step of energy transformation and flow through a system = gradual loss of the ability to do work. What happens to all of that energy anyway? Equator most light--- poles about ? the amount 1/3 reflects off clouds, snow fields bounces back to space 1/3 warms sea/land 1/4 absorbed in evaporation drives water cycle 1% - 2% of light striking a forest is used by all other living beings. Equivalent only 1/5 of the gasoline you put in your car gets you to your destination…..bummer hey…. Trophic Levels Effects of Lindeman’s Efficiency(10% Rule) Top predators are sensitive to changes in the energy