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Introduction Typical Drainage System Water and Waste Removal Water and Waste Removal Water and Waste Removal Water and Waste Removal Traps Traps House Drain House Trap House Drains and House Traps Soil stacks and waste stacks Cleanouts Cleanouts Vents Vents Vents Riser Diagram Riser Diagram Riser Diagram Plumbing Plans Plumbing Symbols Plumbing Fixture Schedule Plumbing Plan Plumbing Typical Plumbing System The residential plumbing system is often taken for granted, but it is an important part of the structure. A complete plumbing system provides an adequate supply of water and removes waste. There are three principal parts: Water supply system. Water and waste removal system. Plumbing fixtures. Components of a residential drainage system Used water and other wastes are carried to the sanitary sewer or septic tank through the waste removal system. These pipes are isolated from the water supply system and must be sized for sufficient capacity, have the proper slope and venting, and have provisions for cleanouts. Typically it is practical to drain as many of the fixtures as possible into a single main drain. The drainage system is not under pressure and depends on gravity to carry the waste to the sewer. A vertical drain pipe that collects waste from one or more fixtures is called a soil stack. Soil stacks that drain water closets are called main stacks. Every house must have at least one main stack, which is generally 3 in diameter. Each bathroom must have a main stack. Stacks that do not drain water closets are called secondary stacks. Secondary stacks are 1-1/2 diameter. Fixtures are connected to the stack using a branch main. All stacks extend into basement and empty into the house drain. All structures must have at least one house drain, but may have several. The house drain becomes the house sewer once it is outside the house. The house sewer empties into the city sanitary sewer or private septic system. Gases from the system dissipate through the v