English Grammar UPR英语语法不饱和聚酯树脂.pptVIP

English Grammar (The Matrix) Parts of Speech Course: INGL. 3021/3022 Oral and Written EnglishProfessor: Aníbal Mu?oz Preview Definitions Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections Determiners Subordinators Interrogatives Qualifiers Sentence combinations Yes/no questions Information questions Punctuation rules Capitalization rules Grammar definition The grammar of a language is a complex of systems that may be analyzed and studied on these three levels: (Noam Chomsky’s UG) Phonology (set of sounds/ symbols) Morphology (combinations of sounds that carry single units of meaning) 3. Syntax (how single units of meaning are combined to form words, phrases and sentences. Parts of speech (Nouns) Nouns Definition Proper / common Singular / plural (annex) Count / non-count /abstract (annex) (how much –how many) Collectible (group nouns) Units of measurement (Reference: Schramper Azar, Betty,1996. Basic English Grammar) Definition (proper and common nouns) Nouns – words used to name a person, place, thing, object, quality, idea, concept, or an action. Ref. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2001) Proper Nouns- special or particular name given to common nouns to distinguish them from others of the same kind. Example: common- woman proper Martha Proper and common nouns Nouns (singular and plural) Rule No. 1 (Add –s to the end of noun) cup cups student students Rule No.2 consonants before “y” change –y to i and add –es city -cities party- parties lady-ladies Rule No.3 vowels before “y” add –s boy –boys key –keys day -days Singular and plural (cont.) Rule No. 4 (–f and –fe endings) change the –f or –fe to v and –es life –lives wife –wives thief –thieves