Environmental Science Power Point Lecture lcusd环境科学讲座 lcusd电源点.net.pptVIP

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2017-02-13 发布于上海
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Environmental Science Power Point Lecture lcusd环境科学讲座 lcusd电源点.net.ppt

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Food and Agriculture History and Types of Agriculture Demand-based agriculture - production determined by economic demand and limited by classical economic supply and demand theory. This approach became common during the industrial revolution. Resource-based agriculture - production determined by resource availability; economic demand usually exceeds production. This approach was the original type of farming 10,000 years ago. Modern approaches are very high tech and somewhat more expensive. Plant Food Sources 250,000 plant species T 3000 tried as crops T 300 grown for food T 100 species used on large scale for food T 15 to 20 species provide vast majority (90%) of man’s food needs It takes about 16 pounds of grain to produce one pound of edible meat Largest crop volumes provided by: wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, barley Wheat and rice supply ~60% of human caloric intake Other Plant Food Sources Potatoes Barley Sweet Potato Cassava (source of tapioca) Grape Soybean Oats Sorghum Sugarcane Types of Crops Cash crops vs. subsistence crops cash crops may provide non-food products (latex) provide products which do not make up our primary nutrition (tea, coffee) Agroecosystems Ecosystem created by agricultural practices characterized by low Genetic diversity Species diversity Habitat diversity Agroecosystems Agroecosystems differ from natural ecosystems in five major ways: Farming attempts to stop ecological succession Species diversity is low farmers usually practice monoculture monoculture tends to ? soil fertility Farmers plant species (crops) in an orderly fashion - this can make pest control more difficult Food chains are far more simple in agroecosystems Plowing is like no other natural disturbance plowing can Y erosion cause more nutrient loss (which is replaced by fertilizer) World Food Supply and the Environment Our current food problem is the result of our human population Food production depends upon favorable environmental conditions Agriculture ch