Enzymes Cerritos College酶cerritos学院.pptVIP

Generic Reactions Substrate(s)/reactant(s) = starting material Product = ending material(s)/product made examples: A + B ? AB AB ? A + B Activation Energy: the energy needed for a reaction to happen 4-4 Requires activation energy Activation Energy: a barrier to reactions 4-5 reactant Reactant/substrate Increasing energy activation energy POW!! Activation Energy: sufficient energy products reaction Reactant/substrate reaction Increasing energy activation energy Activation Energy: insufficient energy products Background activation energy Cons At normal environmental/body temperatures there is little energy Reactions don’t happen fast enough to support life Pros Prevents random, uncoordinated, unwanted reactions (which is incompatible w/ sustaining life Enzyme Introduction proteins* that: allow chemical rxns to occur at need rates allow chemical rxns to be regulated By their present, absence, or amount Almost all rxns (processes) in the body occur because of enzymes *some enzymes are made of RNA, but we don’t go there Reactants/substrate products reaction Increasing energy Lower activation energy with Enzyme Reaction Rate and Enzymes Substrate(s) fit into active sites Enzyme-substrate complex formed ? reaction occurs Products leave enzyme Enzyme is unaltered Enzyme is not used up/consumed Enzymes in action 4-7 Enzyme Characteristics PROTEINS CATALYST: increase rates of chemical rxns by lowering activation energy without being altered or “used up” (100’s-1000’s rxns/second!!!) few enzyme; lots of reaction SPECIFICITY: binds only w/ specific substrate due to shape of binding site/active site Shape maintained by weak bond Breaking bonds ? denaturing = loss of enzyme shape ? loss of function Names often end in “_ase” Have optimum temperatures Have optimum pH Can be inhibited/blocked by other substances Temperature Every enzyme has a temperature range it which it works Optimal temp = works best Typically near normal temperature of organism Low temps sl