Enzymes Community Unit School District 308酶社区单位学区308.pptxVIP

Enzymes Chapter 8 Learning Targets I can explain how the change in the structure of a molecular system may result in a change of the function of the system. Structure Protein Recall 4 levels of structure and bonds that hold them in place Substrate-specific: the active site is specifically shaped so only certain molecules fit on it Learning Targets I can explain how the shape of enzymes, active sites and interaction with specific molecules are essential for basic functioning of the enzyme. I can explain how for an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur, the substrate must be complementary to the surface properties (shape and charge of the active site). In other words, the substrate must fit into the enzyme’s active site. Induced Fit Shape of active site can change slightly as substrate binds The active site is then molded into a precise conformation--sort of like a hand in a glove So, some enzymes can act on similar molecules, not just specific ones Enzyme-Substrate Interaction How do the following relate to enzymes? active site substrate induced fit energy of activation Activation Energy How reactions work How reactions work with enzymes Enzyme-Substrate Concentration Enzymes act on one molecule at a time Reach a saturation point when all enzymes are engaged in reaction Reaction rate will not change pH, Temperature, Salinity All enzymes have a specific range for optimal performance Outside of that range ? denature ? don’t function Denaturation Disruption of R-groups at each level of structure H-bonds at 2° Disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions at 3° Disassociation of subunits at 4° When structure changes, function changes Sometimes reversible, sometimes not Learning Target I can explain how cofactors and coenzymes affect enzyme function; this interaction relates to a structural change that alters the activity rate of the enzyme. The enzyme may only become active when all the appropriate cofactors or coenzymes are present and bind to the ap