常用经济学术语.doc

一些经济学术语及其它（一） Cold snap寒潮、寒流（可数） There is no auctioneer calling out the price of ice cream an ice-cream cone competitive market：a market in which there are many buyers and many sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price price takers：those who have no impact on price but can only accept the price Perfectly competitive markets 竞争充分市场 One such market, called an oligopoly （寡头市场）, has a few sellers that do not always compete aggressively law of demand：the claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good rises law of supply：the claim that, other things equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises normal good （正常商品）：a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an increase in demand inferior good ( 劣质商品)：a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in demand substitutes（替代品）：two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other complements（互补品）： two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the other hot fudge 热巧克力 demand schedule：a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded supply schedule：a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied ceteris paribus（其它条件不变）：a Latin phrase, translated as “other things being equal,” used as are minder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constant A 10 percent increase in the price causes a 12 percent drop in teenage smoking （这句话让我说肯定是in smoking among teenagers） At an even lower price, you may choose to go out of business altogether (这个词的用法以前没怎么注意，此处可以翻译为“直接”) Equilibrium：a situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balance equilibrium price：the price that balances supply and demand equilibrium quantity：the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when