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Sociolinguistics ⑤ Xiao Long-Fu Applied Linguistics Programmed School of Foreign Languages SDNU 01-26-2013 Chapter 5 Researches into micro-linguistics 5.1 语言与阶级、阶层 Some background about LV William Labov is generally regarded as both the leader and initiator of language variation studies. The results from his MA thesis, entitled “The Social History of a Sound Chang on the Island of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts” （麻省马萨葡萄园岛一个音变的社会历史）；and Ph.D dissertation, entitled “The Social Stratification of English in New York City”（纽约市英语的社会分层） , were published respectively in 1963 and 1966, and regarded as pioneer work in studying language variation and change. 语言与阶级、阶层 Centered around the University of Pennsylvania(以宾州大学)、 Georgetown University (乔治敦大学)、 University of Montreal (蒙特利尔大学) and other universities，many postgraduates students in Sociolinguistics Program have graduated supervised by the earliest scholars investigating language variations headed by Labove. Now these students have become the backbone researchers in studying language variation. Since the scholastic series forum on “New Ways of Analyzing Variation” initiated in 1971 in Georgetown University, it has been the annual academic forum on language variation for scholars centered around these scholars. It has so far been the 35th conference until the Nov. of 2006. The conference themes for the 35th conference held by Ohio State University in 2006 is “Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language Variation” (语言变异的跨学科研究途径). 语言与阶级、阶层 The starting publication of Language Variation and Change《语言变异与变化》杂志的创刊can be regarded as a stage mark in the development of research into language variation. This magazine started publication in 1988, published by Cambridge University Press. The magazine is published three times a year. There are three editors: David Sankoff (University of Ottawa), William Labov and Anthony Kroch (University of Pennsylvania). They are all famous