Unit 6 科技翻译供参习.docVIP

Unit 6 科技文体翻译 教学目标及基本要求： 了解科技英语的词汇、句法特点，掌握科技文体的翻译技巧。 教学重点： 1)英语科技词语的构成 2)科技英语的句法特点 教学难点： 科技英语的翻译方法 实用训练： 英译汉：Scientific prediction for the next 30 years 汉译英：技术创新 1 .Formation of English Technical Terms One of the most distinctive features of EST is its technical terms，which not only account for a large part of English vocabulary，but also are the must important source of new coined words in modern English，ranging over an extensive area of various fields. A mastery of them will benefit us a great deal in the translation of EST. In terms of form，English technical terms may be classified into three categories, namely, single words (e. g. robot机器人，Internet因特网，etc. ) , compound forms(e. g. feedback反馈，splashdown溅落，etc.)and phrases(e. g. on-and-off-the- road路面越野两用的，anti- armored-fight-vehicle-missile 反装甲车导弹，power transmission relay system送电中继体系，etc. ). Since most of the technical terms come out of the basic rules of word-formation，its necessary for us to conduct a Brief survey of their formation. 1. Affixation 缀合式科技词语 Affixation is an important means of coining new English words and technical terms，with prefix and suffix as inseparable elements of the words being coined. The advantage of affixation is evident: it is the most flexible means of forming new woods and its potential of creation is almost boundless，therefore it is extensively used in the formation of technical terms. Besides prefix and suffix of English origin，there are some foreign borrowings，noticeably the Latin ones, e.g. bio-(生命、生物) thermo-(热)，electro- (电),aero-(空气)，carbo- (碳), hydro-(水), -ite(矿物)， -mania(热、狂), etc. If we are familiar with these prefixes and suffixes，many technical terms of such formation can be translated appropriately. The following are some typical examples. miniultrasonicprober =mini +ultra +sonic +prober微型超声波金属探伤仪 macrospacetransship=macro +space +trans +ship巨型空间转运飞船 teletypesetter=tele +type +setter电传排字机 bathythermograph=bathy +thermo +graph海水测温仪 barothermograph=baro