Acids and Bases.pptVIP

6.1 Introduction Early chemists found that certain compounds fell into one of two categories. One group included sour-tasting substances called acids. The tart(酸的) flavor of lemons and vinegar(醋) comes from acids; lemons are rich in citric acid(柠檬酸) and vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid (乙酸,醋酸) in water. Acids also produce burning sensation upon contact with skin, and some of them can “eat” holes through clothing. Chapter 8 Acids and Bases 构始瘟苍盏肉卓燎伏届攻境晒喷离趾俘晾除酣暗棺酮曰售讹院铣蕴氏锌淡Acids and BasesAcids and Bases In the other group were bitter-tasting compounds originally called alkali. We call these substances bases. Bases have a “slimy”(粘糊糊的), slippery consistency. One substance that fits this description is soap which is, in fact, a base. Lye(碱液) contains the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and many household cleaning solutions contain the base ammonia (NH3). 颤甸鞭秦读惨夫软页詹炸较队赡棘芬氢许纪眷笔递表酗幼茬躇庚奢认钡护Acids and BasesAcids and Bases Acids react with certain metals to produce H2 gas and salt. For instance, sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium metal to give hydrogen and the salt magnesium sulfate. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) ? H2(g) + MgSO4(aq) Acids also react with metal oxides to form water and salt as products. For example, hydrochloric acid produces copper(II) chloride and water when it reacts with copper(II) oxide: CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) ? H2O + 2CuCl (aq) 毫摹冤即坦悉嘘劣礁畴涩决贩淋奸衡倡计趋恐贱颠描凯碍嫡估漠字羞梳峪Acids and BasesAcids and Bases Acids liberate CO2 from carbonates or from bicarbonates. For instance antacid tablets containing sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, are able to react with stomach acid, HCl, in this way: HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) ? CO2+H2O + NaCl(aq) Acids undergoes a reaction with a dye called litmus(石蕊) to produce a red color. Dyes, such as litmus, that are used to test for acidity are called indicators. 砖这楼丈倚冕邹辽壹瘸茹凌劝例炽在渤逝嗅庶蜂随杨督放忻斥技刹辰生桨Acids and BasesAcids and Bases Bases Bases react with many salts of heavy metals to produce insoluble hydroxide precipitates in a double displacement reactio