23呼吸道感染病毒.ppt

呼吸道感染病毒Viruses Associated With Respiratory Infections 第1节 流行性感冒病毒Influenza virus 甲型H1N1流感： 世界卫生组织(2010.4.12评估报告）： 甲型H1N1流感自一年前暴发到现在已在全球约213个国家和地区造成感染，导致至少1.77万人死亡。 我国卫生部：截止2010年3月31日，我累计报告确诊病例数12.7余万例，死亡800例。 Hemagglutinin HA (血凝素) Trimer protein (HA0→HA1+HA2) HA1:attachment HA2: fusion Functions Agglutinate erythrocytes (human, chicken, guinea pig) Bind to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors Elicit protective neutralizing Ab Hemagglutinin, HA (血凝素) Trimer protein (HA0→HA1+HA2) HA1:attachment HA2: fusion Functions Agglutinate erythrocytes (human, chicken, guinea pig) Bind to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors Elicit protective neutralizing Ab Neuraminidase, NA (神经氨酸酶） Tetramer protein a sialidase唾液酸酶: cleaves the sialic acid on glycoprotein, including the cell receptor. Functions: Facilitates release of viral particles from infected cells Prevent self-aggregation of viruses NA Ab can prevent release of progeny virus Drug target: zanamivir扎那米韦, oseltamivir奥塞米韦 Neuraminidase, NA (神经氨酸酶） Tetramer protein a sialidase唾液酸酶: cleaves the sialic acid on glycoprotein, including the cell receptor. Functions: Facilitates release of viral particles from infected cells Prevent self-aggregation of viruses NA Ab can prevent release of progeny virus Drug target: zanamivir扎那米韦, oseltamivir奥塞米韦 甲（A）型： Ag易变异 ， 分亚型 乙（B）型： 可发生Ag变异, 不分亚型 丙（C）型 ：可发生Ag变异, 不分亚型 命名： 1980年WHO公布的命名法: 型别/宿主（人则省）/分离地点/病毒株序 号/分离年代（HA与NA亚型号） ANTIGENIC DRIFT (Due to mutation) HA and NA accumulate mutation immune response no longer protects fully sporadic outbreaks, limited epidemics occurs with influenza A, B and C viruses ANTIGENIC SHIFT (due to reassortment) “new” HA and/or NA proteins pre-existing antibodies do not protect may get pandemics occurs only with the influenza A virus 二、致病性及免疫性 1.传染源： 患者