Cell junctions【DOC精选】.docVIP

Cell junctions Desmosomes This image shows a desmosome ([?desm?s?m],桥粒) junction between cells of the epidermal（ [?epi?d?:m?l],表皮的） layer of the skin. Desmosomes can be visualized as rivets( [?r?v?t] , 铆钉through the plasma （[?pl?zm?] 血浆；原生质，细胞质；乳清；[物]等离子体membrane of cells. Intermediate filaments （中间丝composed of keratin（[?ker?tin]，角蛋白） or desmin（[?desmin]，肌间线蛋白）are attached to membrane-associated attachment proteins that form a dense plaque（ [pl?k] ，血小板）on the cytoplasmic ( [-?l?zmik],细胞质的) face of the membrane. Cadherin （[k?dh?r?n]，钙粘着蛋白molecules form the actual anchor（ [???k?]，锚状物 by attaching to the cytoplasmic plaque, extending through the membrane and binding（[baind]，使….结合） strongly to cadherins coming through the membrane of the adjacent （[??d?eis?nt]，相邻的） cell.[4] Hemidesmosomes Hemidesmosomes form rivet-like links between cytoskeleton(细胞骨架) and extracellular （[?ekstr??seljul?] ,细胞外的）matrix ([?me?tr?ks] ,基质)components （[k?m?p?un?nts]，成分） such as the basal laminae（基膜） that underlie epithelia（[?epi?θi:lj?l]，表皮的）. Like desmosomes, they tie to intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm（[?sa?t??pl?z?m]，细胞质）, but in contrast to desmosomes, their transmembrane（[?tr?ns?membrein]，跨膜的） anchors are integrins（整合素） rather than cadherins.[5] Adherens Junctions（中间连接） Adherens junctions（黏着连接share the characteristic of anchoring cells through their cytoplasmic actin filaments（肌动蛋白纤维）. Similarly to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, their transmembrane anchors are composed of cadherins in those that anchor to other cells and integrins in those that anchor to extracellular matrix. There is considerable morphologic（[?m?:f??l?d?ik]，形态学的）diversity among adherens junctions. Those that tie cells to one another are seen as isolated streaks （[stri:ks]，条纹） or spots, or as bands that completely encircle the cell. The band-type of adherens junctions is associated with bundles([?b?ndlz],捆) of actin filaments that also encircle the cell just below the plasma me