SS_-【DOC精选】.docVIP

10.3 System Characterization with Z-Transform x[n] y[n] = x[n]＊h[n] X(z) H(z) Y(z) = X(z)H(z) system function, transfer function Causality - A system is causal if and only if the ROC of H(z) is the exterior of a circle including infinity (may extend to include the origin in some cases) H(z) = ( x[n]z-n , right-sided if x[n0] ( 0 , n0 0 H(z) includes x[n0] z-no - A system with rational H(z) is causal if and only if (1) ROC is the exterior of a circle outside the outermost pole (2) order of N(z) ( order of D(z) H(z) finite for z→( Stability A system is stable if and only if ROC of H(z) includes the unit circle Fourier Transform converges, or absolutely summable - A causal system with rational H(z) is stable if and only if all poles lie inside the unit circle ROC is outside the outermost pole Systems Characterized by Linear Difference Equations ( aky[n(k] = ( bkx[n(k] Y(z) ( akz-k = X(z) ( bkz-k H(z) = = - difference equation doesn’t specify ROC stability/causality helps to specify ROC Interconnections of Systems - Parallel - Cascade feedback Block Diagram Representation - Example: y[n] + y[n(1] ( y[n(2] = x[n] H(z) = = ( )( ) = + - direct form, cascade form, parallel form See Fig. 10.20, p. 787 of text 1 2 h[n] Y(z) X(z) M k = 0 M k = 0 ( bk z-k zeros ( ak z-k poles N k= 0 N k= 0 M k= 0 M k= 0 H1(z) H2(z) H(z) = H1(z)+ H2(z) H1(z) H2(z) H(z) = H1(z)H2(z) + + H1(z) ( H2(z) 1 4 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 8 1 4 1 + z-1 1( z-1 1 1+ z-1( z-2 1 4 1 1 1 + z-1 1( z-1 H1(z) 1+H1(z)H2(z) 1 3 2 3 H(z) = ( n = 0