护理干预对行经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石患者的疗效影响.docVIP

护理干预对行经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石患者的疗效影响 　　doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2014.21.82 　　摘 要 目的：观察护理干预对行经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）治疗肾结石患者的疗效影响。方法：将105例行PCNL的患者随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组52例按泌尿外科常规护理，干预组53例在常规护理基础上予以心理、躯体保温护理。结果：两组焦虑程度、术后并发症发生率及住院时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论：有效的护理干预可降低患者焦虑程度，减少PCNL后并发症发生率和住院时间。 　　关键词 护理干预 经皮肾镜取石术 焦虑 并发症 　　Influence of nursing intervention on the curative effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of renal calculi 　　He Minghong 　　The Central Hospital of Jinchang City Gansu，737100 　　Abstract Objective：To observe the influence of nursing intervention on the curative effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） in treatment of renal calculi.Methods：105 cases who were treated with PCNL were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group.52 cases in the control group were given routine nursing according to the department of urology.53 cases in the intervention group were given psychological and physical heat preservation nursing based on the routine nursing.Results：Compared the anxiety，the incidence of postoperative complications and hospitalization time in two groups，the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.Conclusion：Effective nursing intervention can reduce the anxiety degree of patients，reduce the incidence of complications after PCNL and reduce the hospitalization time. 　　Key words Nursing intervention；Percutaneous nephrolithotomy；Anxiety；Complications 　　经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）是在超声或X线定位下在第11肋间偏12肋外侧处建立一个直通肾盂的通道，肾镜经此通道进入并采用超声碎石器击碎结石并取石的技术。PCNL创伤小、操作简单、术后患者能较快的恢复[1]，是目前治疗肾脏及输尿管上段结石的首选方法。然而，任何一种先进的技术都有其可能出现的并发症，从而影响患者术后康复。2011年3月-2012年12月收治实施PCNL患者53例，进行心理、躯体保温等护理干预，效果满意，现报告如下。 　　资料与方法 　　2011年3月-2012年12月收治实施PCNL患者105例，男78例，女27例，平均年龄（45.20±6.5）岁；右肾结石46例，左肾结石28例，双肾结石31例。将53例患者随机分为两组，病例组105例，对照组52例。两组年龄、性别、文化程度、病情、术式等比较差异均无统计学意义（P0.05），有可比性。 　　方法：①术前评估：采用焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scales，SAS）[2]。国内SAS常模，正常值33.8分，40分为无焦虑，40～49分为焦虑情绪，≥50分为焦虑症[3]。焦虑自评量表共3联，分别于术前2天、术前1天及术后1天进行评定。经专人指导后由患者本人在其家属的协助下完成。我科共发放问卷105份，回收105份。焦虑自评量表有效回收率100%。②护理干预：心理护理：