[名校联盟]江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高二英语《Module5 Unit1 Grammar---动词不定式与动名词》学案.docVIP

I Learning aims 1.掌握动词不定式 “to”与 “v-ing”的常规用法。 2.熟悉不定式符号 “to”的省略情况。 3.灵活运用动词不定式与动名词的时态、语态及否定形式。 4.区分一些动词后+ “to do”与 “doing”的不同意思。 5.掌握动名词复合结构的用法。 II Learning procedures Step 1 Different functions of To-infinitive ⒈作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Its our duty to take good care of the old. It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It is necessary to read English every day. 2.作宾语 ① 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish。如： I decided to ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. ② 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 3. 做表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作，跟在be动词后面. ①His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式to become a lawyer在连系动词is后做表语) ② My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. ③ What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 4. 作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washington. (不定式to arrive做定语，修饰名词train) 1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如： She had only a small room to live in. I need a pen to write with. 2) 试比较： Do you have anything to type? 你有什么要打印吗？（不定式to type的动作执行者是you） Sir, do you have anything to be typed? 你有什么要（我，说活人）打印吗？（不定式to type的动作执行者是我，而不是you） ??5. 作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。 (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive（强迫），encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like (love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。如： ?① Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? ?② I want you to understand the whole pa