高中英语学习细节（人教版选修6）之Art：语法突破 Word版含答案.docVIP

虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或者不是可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用与正式的书面语中。 1. 与现在事实相反的条件句 虚拟语气在条件句中共有3种情况：与现在的事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。与现在的事实相反的条件句，谓语动词的形式见下表： 条件从句 主句 例句 动词的过去式 （be的过去式用were） Would（shouldcould, might）+动词原形 If I were you I would not be so proud. I don’t have a cell phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. 2．表示与过去事实相反的情况，其主句从句中动词的使用情况见下表： 条件句 主句 例句 ad+p.p. Would/should/could/might+have+p.p If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 3. 与将来的事实可能相反时 虚拟条件句 主句 例句 动词的过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形 Should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out. 4. 省略if的虚拟 条件句的用法 在正式文体中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省略，而将werehad, should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，形成主谓倒装。如果句中没有were, had或should，既不能省略if也不能倒装。 Were I to meet him tomorrow(=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这事的。 Had I had the money last year (=If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我几买那栋房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling until would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如锅炉出问题的话，自动装置会自动切断燃油的供应。 5. 混合型虚拟条件句 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中 的主句和从句所指的时间是一致的，主从句中的谓语动词要么都是与现在事实相反，要么都是与过去事实相反等。但也有可能指不同的时间，这是要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去） If her husband had not been killed in the war, she would not be helping others with the housework now. 如果她丈夫没有在战争中死去的话，她现在就不会帮助别人做家务了。（从句指过去，主句指现在） 6. 含蓄虚拟条件句 （1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or ,but等。 Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助， 我们是不会成功的。 But for electricity(=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没电，就不会有现代工业。 （2）有时虚拟与语气可以由otherwise，butor来引导。 I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. 我一路跑到学校，不然就迟到了。 He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you. 他昨天很累，不然他会帮助你们的。 I ought to have remembered to tell the