Boxed pigs game课件.ppt

Boxed pig’s game 2011310288 储宜兴 * 第*页 Game Theory The study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers Mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology. * 第*页 Nash Equilibrium In a game involving two or more players, each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only his own strategy * 第*页 An interesting example Assume there are two pigs in the pigpen, one is big, the other small. Dinner on one side, a button on the other side. When pressing the button, the dinner will be full of 10 unit food Pressing the button costs 2 unit energy. * 第*页 An interesting example Big pig gets to the pail first, 9:1 Small pig gets to the pail first, 6:4 At the same time, 7:3 * 第*页 An interesting example The small pig’s payoff Small pig Act Wait Big pig Act 1 4 Wait -1 0 * 第*页 An interesting example The big pig’s payoff Small pig Act Wait Big pig Act 5 4 Wait 9 0 * 第*页 So, The small pig will choose to wait Consequently, the big pig will choose to act Just like prisoners dilemma Nash Equilibrium isn’t the best solution for all * 第*页 Thumb a lift The weaker’s better choice : Wait for the stronger to do, and earn profit from that. * 第*页 What if, some changes? If the assumption is altered, the Equilibrium? Decreasing the amount of food Increasing the amount of food Altering the place of pail * 第*页 Decreasing the amount of food The amount of food : half, 5 unit When one pig press the button, the other will eat all of the food. Both choose to wait * 第*页 Increasing the amount of food The amount of food : twice, 20 unit When one pig press the button, the food is plentiful. Press the button when hungry. Cost too much food * 第*页 Altering the place of pail On the same side of the button Both rush to press the button Competition between the two pigs A good choice: get the most