外文翻译--汽车传动系与动力转向装置.docVIP

Automobile Transmissions and Power Steering Automobiles, trucks, buses, and tractors all depend on transmissions to deliver power from the engine to the wheels, The gasoline and diesel engines that power these vehicles cannot be connected directly to the wheels, because the engines must keep turning at a certain seed to keep from stalling. Also, different amount of torque (turning force) must be delivered to the wheels at different times. A large amount of force is needed to get a car moving from a standstill. Less force is needed to keep the car moving once it is rolling. Going up a hill of driving at high speed requires still other amount of force. It is the job of the transmission to deliver the particular amount of force that is needed. The transmission also allows a motor vehicle to back up -----gasoline and diesel engines can run in only one direction, but the transmission can reverse the direction of the force. And when a car stops, the transmission lets the engine keep running without moving the wheels. The heart of any transmission棗even an automatic one梚s a set of gears. Gears do not change the power of an engine, but they can increase the torque by decreasing the speed. They can also increase the speed by decreasing the torque. s The automobile transmission uses a series of gears which enables the engine to continue to operate at maximum efficiency when the vehicle’s speed is altered. Setting an automobile in motion requires a large amount of power to overcome the inertia of the vehicle’s weight. This process requires high engine speed, needed for high power, and a gradual increase in a vehicle’s speed to avoid a jerky start. To do this, a low gear ratio is allows the crankshaft to revolve several times in order to turn the real axle once. The low gear ratio is used for starting, climbing steep slops, and other situations in which maximum power is required .As power needs are reduced, a second, higher gear ratio is used which rotates the rear axle with few