专业英语 第五章第二篇.docVIP

In the past, piles were designed to support the full applied loads, ignoring any effect of the continuous pile cap and the supporting capacity of the soil between adjacent piles, A new approach to piling has been developed recently using the piles as ground reinforcement for stability and settlement control rather than a means of carrying the total foundation loads to lower ground. This approach would generally require a fewer number of piles, and the piles used for this purpose usually are of small diameter. 过去，桩被设计来承担所有荷载，无视了连续桩帽和相邻桩间土的承载能力的影响。最近一种新的用打桩来加固地基以达到稳定和沉降控制的方法被开发，而不是去承担所有地基荷载的方法。这种方法通常需要更少数量的桩,桩用于此目的通常是小直径。 The terms micro piles or mini piles are often used to denote these piles. Weltman (1981) defines mini piles as piles with a diameter range of 150mm to 250mm while micro piles having diameters of less than 150mm. In this report, the term micro pile will be used to denote all small diameter piles (generally less than 250mm in diameter). “微型”或“小”的桩通常用来表示这些桩。Weltman（1981）定义了“迷你”桩与桩径范围为250mm，“微”具有小于150mm直径桩。在这份报告中，微桩将用来表示所有小直径桩（一般不小于250mm）。 Micro piles are installed by displacement methods or in most cases, by drilling and grouting. In most cases, concrete or mortar is forced into the ground surrounding the pile increasing the piles load carrying capacity and forming a knot effect allowing the pile and the soil to act in unity, thus, forming a coherent reinforced-soil structure. 微桩的制作法大多数情况下是预制桩法，灌注桩法。在大多数情况下，混凝土或砂浆是被迫的桩周围的桩的承载能力，并形成一个“结效应”，使桩和土的统一，从而形成一个连贯的钢筋土结构。 One of the most known types of micro piles is the root pile system (pali radici). Since their introduction about 30 years ago， root piles have been used mainly for underpinning of existing structures? many of which are of historic nature. Recently, however，a cluster of these piles, usually containing some installed at a batter, has been used as a form of in-situ reinforcement of weak earth masses. These reticulated root piles are usually used for stabilization of slopes or for strengtheni