语言与文化第一次作业语言与化第一次作业语言与文化第一次作业语言与文化第一次作业.doc

第一次作业 I. Translate the following terms into Chinese and then define each of them in English. 70% culture 文化 Culture is the unique style and custom which a nation forms in the history of its own development communication 交流，沟通 Communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds to the behavior or the residue of the behavior of another person. 3. one-way communication单向交流 Communication without feedback is called one-way communication. ethnocentrism .民族优越感民族中心主义privacy 免受不受欢迎的侵扰的自由、私事权 freedom from undesirable intrusionstips 小费 The word“tips”is the abbreviation of the phrase“to insure prompt service” service charge ocalics 副语言 Vocalics refers to anything that that is spoken and heard except for words, including tone , pitch , volume , speed ,emotion etc.... ocalics is the study of the nonverbal elements of the voice. II. Answer the following questions in English. 30% What are the differences between Chinese and English compliments? In English people exchange compliments each other: father to son, husband to wife, friend to friend, etc. But there are cultural differences between English and Chinese. Firstly cultural differences exist in who can be complimented. In English speaking countries one can praise members of one’s own family. A woman can talk about how hard her husband works and how well he has done in his career, and she might do the same about how well her children do at school. But Chinese people do not praise members of their own families. They consider it bad taste. 　　Secondly, cultural differences exist in what can be complimented. It is quite common for a male English speaker to compliment females on their good looks, while it is almost a taboo in Chinese culture. What is the rule of introduction in the United States? In the United States the general rule is to introduce a man to a woman, the young to the old, the guest to the host, an individual to a group, a less important person is to an important person, the l