第一章翻译概述.ppt

1. What is translation?(翻译的定义) The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。 The definition is: Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. To be more exact, in Nida’s Tytler’s words 美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida： Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。) Alexander Fraser Tytler: 综合各家之长: 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language. 2. Scope of Translation in terms of languages: in terms of the mode: in terms of materials to be translated: in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation) 3. Criteria in China A. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、贴), C. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit （神似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书) transmigration (化境) E. 鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美” 梁实秋的“宁错务顺” 瞿秋白的“信顺统一” 许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）” Criteria in the West  (reading after class) 美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida： 把翻译中的“意义”概括成“语义”和“语体”: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的