【最新】2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十一 名词性从句.docVIP

名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关注，近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语境中连接词的选择，尤其是连接词what和that的辨析，以及whether 与if表示“是否”时的区别。因此，正确区分名词性从句的类型，根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意义，确定恰当的连接词是一轮复习的重点。此外，名词性从句和定语从句的辨析，也是高考考查的重点。 一、认识各种名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / if，连接代词what / who(m)/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how 。从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说，名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。而定语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分，去掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征。如： I wonder how much these shoes cost. (宾语从句，不可省去) He is the very man I look after. (定语从句，修饰the man) You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. (状语从句) 1． 主语从句 Who will go is not important. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. (形式主语it代替后面的真正的主语从句) 注意：that引导主语从句放于句首时，不能省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 2． 表语从句 The question was who could go there. My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. It looked as if it was going to rain. 3 . 宾语从句 I hope (that) everything is all right. 注意：(1)that在引导宾语从句时，常可省略，但如果有两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个从句的that不能省略。如： I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job. (2) 如果动词宾语后又有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。如： I make it known that well be invited to the ball. (3) 如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的时态，但如果从句描述的是客观事实，从句时态不可调整“呼应”。如： She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate. Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 4． 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。如： I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 注意： 在动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如： He insisted that he (should) try once again. His advice is that everyone (should) d