副梢处理方式对赤霞珠葡萄光合作用及果实品质的影响.docVIP

副梢处理方式对赤霞珠葡萄光合作用及果实品质的影响 　　摘要：以晚熟酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠为试材，通过控制其副梢叶片的数量，研究不同副梢处理对葡萄新梢光合、枝条贮藏营养及果实品质的影响。结果表明，5片摘心处理显著增加了叶幕厚度；不同处理的光合速率随物候期变化，坐果期以第5节位的光合能力最大，膨大期和转色期分别是第7节位和第9节位叶片光合能力最高；2片和1片摘心处理有利于果实糖分和可溶性固形物的积累；枝条成熟度及枝条贮藏营养以2片摘心处理的增加幅度最大。综合分析可得，留2片副梢叶片摘心有利于果实品质的提高及树体贮藏营养的积累。 　　关键词：葡萄；副梢处理；光合能力；果实品质；贮藏营养 　　中图分类号：S663.105+.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）09-0060-05 　　AbstractUsing the late-maturing wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon as material， the impacts of lateral shoot treatment on photosynthesis of new shoots， fruit quality and nutrition storage in branches of grape were studied through controlling the number of leaves on the lateral shoots. The results indicated that the treatment of keeping 5 leaves and pinching significantly increased the canopy thickness. The leaf photosynthetic rate of different treatments performed differently along with the phenological period. In the period of fruiting period， the maximum leaf net photosynthetic rate appeared at the 5th node， while in enlargement and veraison period， the maximum leaf net photosynthetic rate appeared at the 7th node and 9th node respectively. Keeping 1 leaves and pinching and keeping 2 leaves and pinching treatment respectively increased the total sugar content and soluble solids content in fruits. Reserving lateral shoot leaves improved the nutrition storage and maturity of branches， especially the treatment of keeping 2 leaves and pinching. In general， keeping 2 leaves and pinching treatment was benefit for the fruit quality and nutrition storage in branches. 　　KeywordsGrape； Lateral shoot treatment； Photosynthetic capacity； Fruit quality； Nutrition storage 　　赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）是世界著名的酿酒葡萄品种，在我国酿酒葡萄栽培中占据主导地位。国外酿酒葡萄的栽培采用简单、粗放的机械化修剪方式，中国许多地方采用不留副梢叶片的方式栽培，生产上常采用摘心来控制营养生长，促进花芽分化，提高坐果率。但葡萄主梢摘心抑制了主梢的生长，促进了副梢的萌发和生长，造成更多的营养消耗。刘来馨等研究表明，保留副梢有利于酿酒葡萄质量的提高[1-3]，但副梢叶片数量保留的多少有待于进一步研究。本研究通过保留不同数量的副梢叶片，探讨酿酒葡萄副梢管理的技术手段，为简约化管理提供一定的理论支持。要使摘心促进营养积累效果明显，必须配合相应的副梢处理，这样既减少养分的消耗，又改善植株通风透光、减少病虫害，对促进枝条和果实的生长与成熟有十分重要的意义。 　　1材料与方法