SCI学术论文写作攻略1.ppt

Unit 7. How to Write an Abstract Tense and voice in writing an abstract 1. What is an abstract? An abstract is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writings contents in abbreviated form. It tells the reader What you set out to do, and Why you did it, How you did it, What you found (recommendations) 1.1 Different abstracts Informative abstract 报道性摘要 也称为信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。 Indicative abstract 指示性摘要 即说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。 ■ Informative- indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要 以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。 传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。 Structured Abstract 结构式摘要 20世纪80年代中期出现,该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。 1.2 Why are abstracts so important? View 1. convenient for retrieving information An abstract within key words is vital because of todays electronic information retrieval systems. Titles and abstracts are filed electronically, and key words are put in electronic storage. When people search for information, they enter key words related to the subject, and the computer prints out the titles of articles, papers, and reports containing those key words. Thus, an abstract must contain key words about what is essential in an article, paper, or report so that someone else can retrieve information from it. View 2. providing sufficient information Abstracts must include sufficient information for reviewers to judge the nature and significance of the topic, the adequacy of the investigative strategy, the nature of the results, and the conclusions. The abstract should summarize the substantive实质性的 results of th