句型号与句子结基构础知识.docVIP

04级《英语》讲?义 ????第一?章 句型与句子结?构句型层次表?第一层 第二层 ?例句简单句 主? 谓 I am ?coming.?主 谓 宾 I ?like cat?s.主 谓 宾? 宾 I bou?ght you ?a book. ?I bought? a book ?for you.?主 谓 宾 补? I seldo?m see hi?m do mor?ning exe?rcises.?主 谓 表 I ?am a tea?cher. He? is very? tall.并?列句 主谓 + ?主谓 (and,? or, but?, for) I? phoned ?him but ?there wa?s no ans?wer.复合句? 主语从句 名词?性从句 What? he told? me yest?erday is? true.宾?语从句 I kn?ow that ?he is an? America?n.表语从句 ?This is ?how he b?roke the? door.同?位语从句 His? suggest?ion that? we set ?off now ?has been? accepte?d.定语从句 ?This is ?the room? where h?e was bo?rn.状语从句? Before ?he came ?here, he? had lea?rnt Chin?ese for ?years.?下面的章节以及?它们的顺序是：名?词——动词——虚?拟语气——非谓语?动词——名词性从?句——定语从句—?—状语从句——比?较级。掌握复?合结构（复合宾语?）1） 跟形容?词可带形容词作?补足语的谓语动词?有keep, d?ye, find?, make, ?declare,? leave, ?like, co?nsider, ?hold, g?et, pain?t, cut, ?drive等。例?如：Pleas?e cut yo?ur artic?le short?.请把你的文章?简短一些。Ne?ver leav?e a baby? alone a?t home w?hen you ?are out.?当你出去的时候?，千万不要把婴儿?一个人放在家里。?The jud?ge decla?red him ?innocent?.法官宣布他无?罪。He pr?oved him?self wor?thy of c?onfidenc?e. 他用实际?行动证明他值得信?赖。2） 跟名?词可带名词作补?足语的谓语动词有?call, na?me, make?, appoin?t, nomin?ate, thi?nk, find?, consid?e等。例如：?We elect?ed her o?ur monit?or. 我们选?她当我们的班长。?The bos?s appoin?ted him ?director? of the ?Sales De?partment?.老板任命他为?销售部的主任。?3） 部分可带形?容词的作补足语的?词可以带副词或介?词短语Don’?t leave ?your umb?rella be?hind. （副?词）别把伞落下?。Please? make yo?urself a?t home. ?（介词短语）别?客气，想在自己家?里一样随便一点。?4） 跟非谓语?动词（祥见第四章?“非谓语动词”）?The tea?cher ask?ed us to? hand in? the exe?rcises b?efore Fr?iday. （不?定式）老师叫我?们在星期五前把练?习交上来。I ?will hav?e a pict?ure take?n this a?fternoon?. （过去分词）?今天下午我要去?照相。I sa?w him re?ading En?glish wh?en I ent?ered the? classro?om this ?morning.? （现在分词）?今天早上，当我走?进教室里的时候，?我看到他在读英语?。【注】在英语?当中只有find?这个词最随意，几?乎什么词性都可以?做它的补足语：?He found? himself? in the ?hospital? when he? came to?. （介词短语）?We foun?d her de?ad. （形容词?）He fou?nd her (?to be) g?ood. （不定?式）He fo?und her ?out when? he came? home. （?副词）He f?ou