Heteroscedastic Projection Based MEstimators基于投影的M估计方差.pptVIP

Non-Euclidean Example: The Unit Sphere Differential Geometry Formal mathematical theory Work with small ‘patches’ the ‘patches’ look Euclidean Do calculus over the patches Manifolds Open Sets Coordinate neighbourhood Compatible neighbourhoods Tangents Tangent Vectors Tangent Space, Inner Product Norm: depends on varies smoothly Geodesics and Metrics The shortest path between two points is the geodesic The length of the geodesic is the distance between the points Exponential and Logarithm Maps : Maps tangents to the manifold : Maps points on the manifold to Both m